The early Achaemenid-era Persepolis fortification and treasury tablets refers to women in three different terms: mutu, irti and duksis. The distribution of these seals – instruments of trade and government which represented economic and administrative control – revealed these women to have been a powerful group in their prehistoric society. Of the seals discovered in graves there, 90% were in possession of women, who made up over 60% of the population. See also: Women in the Achaemenid Empire, Women in the Parthian Empire, and Women in the Sasanian EmpireĪrchaeological excavations at Shahr-e Sukhteh ("Burnt City"), a prehistoric settlement in the Sistan-Baluchistan province of southeastern Iran, have revealed that women in the region during the 4th to 3rd millennium BC possessed high status. However, this is not practiced effectively particularly in recent years, Iranian women have created many movements to fight back against the restrictive laws by the government and gain back their rights and freedom. Not wearing a veil in public can be punished by law and when in public, all hair and skin except the face and hands must be covered. Women are allowed to drive, hold public office, and attend university. Sharia law still favors men, but Article 21 of the constitution as well as a few parliament-passed laws give women some rights. According to Sharia, women inherit half of what a man would, and compensation for the death of a woman is also half.
Iran's constitution, adopted after the Islamic Revolution in 1979, proclaims equality for men and women under Article 20, while mandating legal code adhering to Sharia law. Women were active participants in the Islamic Revolution. During the Pahlavi era, there was a drastic change towards women's segregation: ban of the veil, right to vote, right to education, equal salaries for men and women, and the right to hold public office. Historically, tradition maintained that women be confined to their homes so that they could manage the household and raise children. Throughout history, women in Iran have played numerous roles, and contributed in many ways, to Iranian society.
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